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The National Institutes of Health guidelines in The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animalsaddress the need for proper use of tranquilizers, analgesics, or anesthetics during procedures in laboratory animals. Similarly, for animals covered by the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act, the USDA says you must provide appropriate sedatives, analgesics, and anesthetics if a procedure causes more than momentary or slight pain or distress.
The veterinarian must be involved in the planning stages of your experiments. She can help you choose the drugs, dosages, and routes of administration that are the most appropriate for the species and size animal that you are using. She can also help choose the drug that is least likely to affect you experimental results.